Genes (36)
Species:
human : 36 | |
| Human | MUC3B | 57876 | mucin 3B, cell surface associated | Expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC3 core tandem repeat proteins was examined in specimens of normal mucosa (n = 20), hyperplastic polyps (n = 10), adenomatous polyps (n = 89), and invasive cancer (n = 19). | | Human | TRPM7 | 54822 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 | The subjects who carried >or=1 1482Ile allele and who consumed diets with a high Ca:Mg intake were at a higher risk of adenoma and hyperplastic polyps than were the subjects who did not carry the polymorphism | | Human | TMEFF2 | 23671 | transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2 | Expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH1 is diminished or absent in some hyperplastic polyps, and it has been suggested that HPP1 inactivation is associated with the progression of microsatellite-unstable colorectal tumors. Using a strategy that isolates differentially methylated sequences from hyperplastic polyps and normal mucosa, we identified a 370-bp sequence containing the 5 untranslated region and the first exon of a gene that we have called HPP1. The HPP1 gene was cloned as a frequently methylated gene in hyperplastic polyps of the colon. | | Human | AMACR | 23600 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase | In contrast, only 4% of hyperplastic polyps expressed AMACR. | | Human | CXCR4 | 7852 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 | Notably, CXCR4 was significantly over-expressed in cancerous lesions (carcinomas and metastasis) compared to non-cancerous lesions (normal mucosa and polyps) (P=0.003) and in adenomatous polyps versus hyperplastic polyps (P=0.009). | | Human | UCP2 | 7351 | uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) | Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays showed positive staining for UCP2 in most adenocarcinomas (86.0%); positive staining for UCP2 was seen less often in tubular adenomas (58.8%) and rarely seen in hyperplastic polyps (11.1%). Tissue microarrays constructed of 107 colon adenocarcinomas as well as representative specimens of hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenomas were used for UCP2 immunohistochemistry. | | Human | TIMP2 | 7077 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 | RESULTS: MMP-2 and MMP-9, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were immunolocalized in scattered stromal cells, whereas epithelial cells of normal mucosa and hyperplastic polyps were weakly stained. METHODS: By immunocytochemical staining, hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenomas, tubovillous adenomas, villous adenomas to adenocarcinomas were systematically examined for the presence of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, respectively. | | Human | TIMP1 | 7076 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 | RESULTS: MMP-2 and MMP-9, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were immunolocalized in scattered stromal cells, whereas epithelial cells of normal mucosa and hyperplastic polyps were weakly stained. METHODS: By immunocytochemical staining, hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenomas, tubovillous adenomas, villous adenomas to adenocarcinomas were systematically examined for the presence of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, respectively. | | Human | TFF1 | 7031 | trefoil factor 1 | All hyperplastic polyps displayed immunoreactivity for TFF1, MUC5AC, and MUC1 in more than 75 per cent of the cells. The presence of pS2 staining in adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa and in hyperplastic polyps suggests that the epithelium in these areas is of a regenerative or reactive nature. Hyperplastic polyps displayed significantly higher pS2 expression than adenomatous polyps. We analysed, by immunohistochemistry, the pS2 expression in six samples of normal gastric mucosa, 18 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia (IM), 10 hyperplastic polyps, 11 adenomatous polyps and 50 gastric carcinomas, together with the respective samples of adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa. We have examined 17 hyperplastic polyps for expression of the trefoil-peptides pS2 and human spasmolytic polypeptide by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, as well as by using antisera to epidermal growth factor/urogastrone and its receptor and to epitopes of the product of the MUC1 gene to characterize any further similarity between these lesions and the ulcer-associated cell lineage and thus help elucidate the nature of the lesions. Strong pS2 positivity was seen in hyperplastic polyps and in nonneoplastic mucosa adjacent to many tumors. A subset of carcinomas of the latter group displayed pS2 immunoreactivity in a high percentage of cells with a pattern similar to that of hyperplastic polyps. | | Human | TERC | 7012 | telomerase RNA component | In normal gastric mucosae and regenerative lesions such as chronic peptic ulcer and hyperplastic polyps, only a weak degree of hTR expression was noted, and the expression was limited to basal cells of the gastric glands. Partially high hTR expression was seen in 75% hyperplastic polyps, 47% complete-type intestinal metaplasia and 21% incomplete-type intestinal metaplasia. | | Human | STK11 | 6794 | serine/threonine kinase 11 | p53 and K-ras mutations have been demonstrated with serrated adenoma, and K-ras mutations with hyperplastic polyps APC mutations in familial polyposis coli, LKB1 mutations in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and SMAD4/DPC4 mutations in juvenile polyposis syndrome have been found. | | Human | SMO | 6608 | smoothened, frizzled family receptor | Expression of SHH, PTCH, and SMOH was up-regulated in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas of the colon, and SHH expression correlated with increased expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in all lesions examined. In this study, normal colon and colonic lesions (hyperplastic polyp, adenoma, and colonic adenocarcinoma) were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against Hh signalling molecules: the secreted protein Sonic hedgehog (SHH), its receptor Patched (PTCH), and the PTCH-associated transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMOH). | | Human | SHH | 6469 | sonic hedgehog | Expression of SHH, PTCH, and SMOH was up-regulated in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas of the colon, and SHH expression correlated with increased expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in all lesions examined. In this study, normal colon and colonic lesions (hyperplastic polyp, adenoma, and colonic adenocarcinoma) were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against Hh signalling molecules: the secreted protein Sonic hedgehog (SHH), its receptor Patched (PTCH), and the PTCH-associated transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMOH). | | Human | SFRP1 | 6422 | secreted frizzled-related protein 1 | Some hyperplastic polyps from patients with hyperplastic polyposis coli syndrome show a secreted Frizzled receptor protein 1 immunophenotype that could indicate alterations of cellular growth control | | Human | CEACAM6 | 4680 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (non-specific cross reacting antigen) | Upregulation of CEACAM6 expression in hyperplastic polyps and early adenomas represents one of the earliest observable molecular events leading to colorectal tumors. CEACAM6 revealed a broader expression zone in proliferating cells in hyperplastic polyps and adenomas compared with normal mucosa, whereas CEACAM7 was completely absent. Down-regulation of CEACAM7 and up-regulation of CEACAM6 expression in hyperplastic polyps and early adenomas represent some of the earliest observable molecular events leading to colorectal tumors. | | Human | MUC6 | 4588 | mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming | MUC6 was found to have 100% specificity in distinguishing sessile serrated adenoma from hyperplastic polyp | | Human | MUC5AC | 4586 | mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming | In both hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas, MUC2 and MUC5AC mucin expression was consistently and markedly increased. Similar altered distribution patterns of MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC were seen in hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas, whereas traditional adenomas showed little change from normal patterns of expression. We studied the distribution of the four human apomucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC in hyperplastic polyps, serrated adenomas, and traditional adenomas of the colorectum using immunohistochemical techniques, with the aim of comparing and contrasting their patterns of expression. Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against MUC5AC and MUC6 tandem repeat synthetic peptides was performed on specimens of normal colon mucosa (n = 26), hyperplastic polyps (n = 9) and adenomatous polyps (n = 111). Immunohistochemical staining patterns of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC mucins in hyperplastic polyps, serrated adenomas, and traditional adenomas of the colorectum. Hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas of the colorectum show mixed gastrointestinal differentiation, expressing both gastric (M1 or MUC5AC) and intestinal (MUC2) mucins. MUC5AC and MUC6 staining were rarely detected and of low intensity in normal colon and hyperplastic polyps. All hyperplastic polyps displayed immunoreactivity for TFF1, MUC5AC, and MUC1 in more than 75 per cent of the cells. | | Human | MUC3A | 4584 | mucin 3A, cell surface associated | Expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC3 core tandem repeat proteins was examined in specimens of normal mucosa (n = 20), hyperplastic polyps (n = 10), adenomatous polyps (n = 89), and invasive cancer (n = 19). | | Human | MTAP | 4507 | methylthioadenosine phosphorylase | Two benign gastric hyperplastic polyps also had intact p16 and MTAP. | | Human | MLH1 | 4292 | mutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. coli) | Hyperplastic polyps in patients with MSI-H were more likely to have loss of hMLH1 protein expression, suggesting that they may be an implortant precursor lesion in MSI-H colorectal carcinogenesis | | Human | MCM2 | 4171 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 | We investigated the staining characteristics of serrated polyps with abnormal proliferation (SPAP) using MIB-1 and MCM-2 to determine if they could provide assistance in delineating SPAPs from traditional hyperplastic polyps (HPs). | | Human | INS | 3630 | insulin | Fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR correlate positively with the number of hyperplastic polyps and adenomas in acromegalic patients with multiply colorectal lesions | | Human | ETS2 | 2114 | v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 | MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the expression of ets-1 and ets-2 in normal colon, hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, carcinoma-in-adenoma and colonic adenocarcinomas by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Expression of ets-1 and ets-2 was not observed in normal colon and hyperplastic polyp. | | Human | ETS1 | 2113 | v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 | MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the expression of ets-1 and ets-2 in normal colon, hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, carcinoma-in-adenoma and colonic adenocarcinomas by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Expression of ets-1 and ets-2 was not observed in normal colon and hyperplastic polyp. | | Human | DUT | 1854 | deoxyuridine triphosphatase | Using these MAbs, we observed nuclear expression of dUTPase in the proliferation zones of normal colorectal mucosa as well as in hyperplastic polyps. |
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