Genes (76)
Species: human : 51 mouse : 25 | |
Mouse | PERP | 64065 | PERP, TP53 apoptosis effector | We find that mice lacking Perp in the skin are resistant to papilloma development, displaying fewer and smaller papillomas than wild-type mice. | Mouse | TRIM32 | 22954 | tripartite motif containing 32 | Tripartite motif protein 32, Trim32, mRNA and protein expression was elevated in independently transformed and tumorigenic keratinocytes of a mouse epidermal carcinogenesis model, in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and in approximately 20-25% of chemically induced mouse papillomas and human head and neck SCCs. | Mouse | TP63 | 8626 | tumor protein p63 | Mice Lacking the p53/p63 Target Gene Perp Are Resistant to Papilloma Development. | Mouse | XPC | 7508 | xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C | Under continued exposure to this daily dose, squamous cell carcinomas appear in CSB -/-, XPC -/-, and in the control groups, whereas only in the CSB -/- animals is a fairly high number of benign papillomas also found. | Mouse | STAT3 | 6774 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) | Finally, constitutive activation of Stat3 in both papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas suggest a role in both the development of autonomous growth and the progression of epithelial tumors in mouse skin. | Mouse | SOD2 | 6648 | superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial | Previous studies in our laboratories demonstrated that overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) suppressed both the incidence and multiplicity of papillomas in a DMBA/TPA multi-stage skin carcinogenesis model. | Mouse | PTK2 | 5747 | protein tyrosine kinase 2 | However, the frequency of malignant conversion of papillomas into carcinomas is indistinguishable in fak +/- mice and their wild-type fak +/+ littermates, most likely because papilloma FAK protein expression is elevated to wild-type levels. Because 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induces an activating mutation of H-ras, this provides one possible explanation for suppression of papilloma formation when FAK protein is limiting. We found that fak +/- heterozygous mice display reduced 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced papilloma formation that correlates with reduced FAK protein expression in the skin. Decreased FAK expression inhibits papilloma formation in a mouse skin carcinogenesis model. | Mouse | PRKCG | 5582 | protein kinase C, gamma | We were unable to detect PKC-gamma in mouse epidermis or papillomas. | Mouse | MST1R | 4486 | macrophage stimulating 1 receptor (c-met-related tyrosine kinase) | Ablation of Ron signaling resulted in partial defects in MAPK and Akt signaling that may account for the decreased papilloma growth in the TK(-/-) Tg.AC(+/-) mice. Ron tyrosine kinase receptor regulates papilloma growth and malignant conversion in a murine model of skin carcinogenesis. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that Ron signaling augments papilloma growth and malignant conversion in vivo.Oncogene (2005) 24, 479-488. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208231 Published online 8 November 2004. Loss of Ron receptor signaling significantly reduced the percent of papillomas that underwent malignant conversion as well as the number of mice developing other malignant tumor types. Further, Ron protein expression was upregulated during papilloma formation. | Mouse | SMAD3 | 4088 | SMAD family member 3 | When transplanted to a graft site on nude mice, the v-ras(Ha)-transduced Smad3 null keratinocytes underwent rapid conversion from benign papilloma to malignant carcinoma, whereas wild-type keratinocytes predominantly formed papillomas. | Mouse | KRT13 | 3860 | keratin 13 | Papillomas collected from Sencar mice after 12 wk or from NMRI mice after 15 wk of promotion with TPA were either negative for K13 or elicited variable amounts of this keratin. Combined analysis of the grafts by western blotting of extracted keratins and immunofluorescence studies of frozen sections with a K13-monospecific antibody revealed K13 expression in all v-Ha-ras-induced papillomas and absence of this keratin in all control grafts. Recently, however, we were able to show that K13 is aberrantly but constitutively expressed without its normal type II partner K4 also in differentiating parts of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA/TPA) 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced squamous cell carcinomas of mouse back skin, whereas its likewise suprabasal expression in papillomas is variable (Nischt et al., Mol. Aberrant keratin K13 expression was also detected in the majority of cases of all p53 genotypes, but again there was a clear decrease in expression levels in the p53 null papillomas. Analysis of genomic DNA from v-Ha-ras-induced papillomas for the methylation state of a CpG dinucleotide in the distant promoter region of the K13 gene revealed the occurrence of unmethylated DNA copies that were generated at the expense of methylated DNA copies ubiquitously present in normal epidermis. | Mouse | JUND | 3727 | jun D proto-oncogene | Expression levels of activator protein-1 family members (c-jun, junB, junD, and c-fos) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha were significantly lower in TPA-treated Smad3(-/-) skin, cultured keratinocytes, and papillomas, as compared with Smad3(+/+) controls. | Mouse | JUNB | 3726 | jun B proto-oncogene | Expression levels of activator protein-1 family members (c-jun, junB, junD, and c-fos) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha were significantly lower in TPA-treated Smad3(-/-) skin, cultured keratinocytes, and papillomas, as compared with Smad3(+/+) controls. | Mouse | JUN | 3725 | jun proto-oncogene | The results showed that the SR11302, an AP-1 inhibition-specific retinoid, and other AP-1 inhibitors such as trans-retinoic acid and fluocinolone acetonide, markedly inhibit both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced papilloma formation and AP-1 activation in 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-initiated mouse skin (P < 0.05). Evaluation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtype-selective alpha and gamma agonists and antagonists and a retinoid X receptor (RXR) class-selective agonist for efficacy at inhibiting both induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mouse epidermis and rat tracheal epithelial cells and the appearance of papillomas in mouse epidermis treated in the 2-stage tumor initiation-promotion model indicated that (i) RXR class-selective transcriptional agonists, such as MM11246, were not involved in ODC inhibition; (ii) RAR-selective agonists that induce gene transcription from RA-responsive elements (RAREs) were active at low concentrations; (iii) RAR-selective antagonists that bind RARs and inhibit AP-1 activation on the collagenase promoter but do not activate RAREs to induce gene transcription were less effective inhibitors; and (iv) RARgamma-selective retinoid agonists were more effective inhibitors of TPA-induced ODC activity than RARalpha-selective agonists. Okadaic acid stimulated TRE binding activity in a papilloma producing mouse keratinocyte cell line involves increased AP-1 expression. | Mouse | IVL | 3713 | involucrin | In epidermal papillomas and carcinomas involucrin expression correlated well with degree of histological differentiation. | Mouse | ERCC6 | 2074 | excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 6 | Under continued exposure to this daily dose, squamous cell carcinomas appear in CSB -/-, XPC -/-, and in the control groups, whereas only in the CSB -/- animals is a fairly high number of benign papillomas also found. | Mouse | ENG | 2022 | endoglin | Reduction in endoglin had a dual effect during multistage carcinogenesis, by inhibiting the early appearance of benign papillomas, but increasing malignant progression to highly undifferentiated carcinomas. | Mouse | DSG3 | 1830 | desmoglein 3 | Induction by transforming growth factor beta of pemphigus vulgaris antigen activity in mouse papilloma cells. | Mouse | CDKN2B | 1030 | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15, inhibits CDK4) | Consistent with a perturbed cell cycle, deltabetaRII papillomas and SCC showed reduced expression of the TGFbeta target genes p15 (INK4b), p21 (WAF-1) and p27 (Kip1), inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). | Mouse | CDH1 | 999 | cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial) | The more differentiated SCC and papillomas expressed less uvomorulin immunoreactivity than normal epidermal cells. These data indicate that progression from premalignant papilloma to low-grade SCC and subsequently to high-grade SCC is accompanied by loss of epithelial cell polarity as detected by changes in Na+,K(+)-ATPase and by decreased or absent expression of uvomorulin in tumors and cell lines characterized by an advanced malignant phenotype. | Mouse | CD81 | 975 | CD81 molecule | Up-regulation of CD81 was observed in 100% of wild-type and 88% of alpha2beta1 transgenic papillomas but in only 25% of alpha3beta1 transgenic papillomas. | Mouse | CCND3 | 896 | cyclin D3 | In addition, SCCs had higher cyclin D3 expression levels than papillomas, and metastases had higher levels than the respective primary tumors, indicating that overexpression of cyclin D3 may be associated with increased aggressiveness of mouse SCC. | Mouse | BMP4 | 652 | bone morphogenetic protein 4 | In conclusion, we have shown that the TPA induced expression of the BMP-4 transgene blocks proliferation and inflammation in skin, steps that are critical to the subsequent formation of papillomas and SCCs and we characterized an inducible promotersystem which expresses polypeptides in interfollicular epidermis after exogenous stimulation. | Mouse | BCL3 | 602 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3 | Our finding on Bcl-3 overexpression in late papillomas and SCC could explain the selective increase of p50-related kappaB-binding in mouse skin tumors. | Mouse | ANGPT1 | 284 | angiopoietin 1 | The study of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), ligands of receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Tie-2), showed that while stroma-derived Ang-2 was increased, epidermal Ang-1 expression was completely abolished at early papilloma formation. |
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