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Genes (14)
Species: human : 14 | |
Human | GNB2L1 | 10399 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2-like 1 | Ampullary carcinomas revealed a relative gain of PKC-iota (P < .05) and RACK-1 (P < .05). | Human | TIMP1 | 7076 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 | The immunoreactivity for TIMP1 in pancreatic and ampullary cancers with lymph node metastases was significantly less compared with those cases without lymph node metastases (P < 0.02) and there was an association between increased immunoreactivity for MMP2 and the degree of tumour differentiation (P < 0.01). Abundance of MMP2, MMP3 and TIMP1 was greater in pancreatic and ampullary cancer than any other pathology and immunoreactivity in the malignant epithelial cells in pancreatic and ampullary cancer was greater than in the stromal tissues (in pancreatic cancer: MMP2 100% vs 37%, MMP3 93% vs 15%, TIMP1 93% vs 4%, P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections from 50 patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 27), ampullary cancer (n = 12), low bile duct cancer (n = 3), neuroendocrine tumours (n = 3) and chronic pancreatitis (n = 5), using antibodies raised against collagenase (MMP2), stromelysin (MMP3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP1) and developed using the avidin-biotin complex method. The results implicate MMP2, MMP3 and TIMP1 in the invasive phenotype of pancreatic and ampullary cancer. | Human | SOX2 | 6657 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 | Increased SOX2 is associated with the pancreatobiliary phenotype of ampulla of vater carcinoma and involved in later events in carcinogenesis, such as invasion and metastasis The purpose of this study was to examine the expression pattern of MUC5AC and SOX2 in ampulla of vater adenocarcinoma and evaluate the association between expression of these gastric epithelial markers and the histologic phenotype of ampulla of vater carcinoma. Our immunohistochemistry data suggest that MUC5AC and SOX2 are associated with the pancreatobiliary phenotype of ampulla of vater carcinoma and involved in later events in carcinogenesis, such as invasion and metastasis. | Human | PTGS2 | 5743 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | Results suggest that expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is not correlated with clinicopathologic and biologic features of ampulla of Vater cancer | Human | NME1 | 4830 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 | METHODS: We have investigated nm23 expression in pancreatic duct cell carcinomas, islet cell tumors, and ampullary carcinomas by immunohistochemical methods. The differences in nm23-H1 protein immunoreactivity in common bile duct and ampullary carcinomas suggest that these tumors have a different molecular origin to gallbladder cancers. In the 15 cases of ampullary carcinomas, all 15 tumors were positive for nm23 protein (6 diffuse and 9 focal), and the staining intensity was stronger than in normal pancreatic ducts. All common bile duct carcinomas, most (67%) ampullary carcinomas in situ and some (43%) ampullary carcinomas had moderate to strong nm23-H1 immunostaining. | Human | MUC7 | 4589 | mucin 7, secreted | The observed differences in the mucin distribution between the duodenum and the ampulla of Vater support the use of MUC2, MUC7, and MUC8 as useful tool in the classification of ampullary carcinomas. | Human | MUC5AC | 4586 | mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming | Further classification focusing on the expression profile for MUC5AC, MUC6 and TFF1 revealed that 21% of the duodenal and 45% of the ampullary carcinomas demonstrated mainly gastric differentiation (positivity for all three markers or only two of them). The mucins that were most often expressed in the individual tumor types were MUC1 (duodenal and ampullary carcinomas), MUC2 (colorectal carcinomas) and MUC5AC (gastric carcinomas). Increased MUC5AC is associated with the pancreatobiliary phenotype of ampulla of vater carcinoma and involved in later events in carcinogenesis, such as invasion and metastasis Among the markers used, MUC5AC, MUC6 and TFF1 are most useful for revealing differentiation pathways in duodenal and ampullary carcinoma. | Human | MTAP | 4507 | methylthioadenosine phosphorylase | Homozygous deletion of the MTAP gene in invasive adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and in periampullary cancer: a potential new target for therapy. Immunolabeling for MTAP was lost in 91 of the 300 (30%) evaluable pancreatic cancers, 9 of 54 (17%) ampullary cancers, 4 of 33 (12%) biliary cancers, and in 1 of 35 (3%) IPMNs. | Human | MSH3 | 4437 | mutS homolog 3 (E. coli) | Then, high-density allelotype mapping was performed on 14q32 by using 23 microsatellite markers for the synchronous tumors.RESULTS: The synchronous gastric and ampullary carcinomas had no frameshift mutations in the APC, MSH2, MSH3, and MSH6 genes. | Human | IFNA17 | 3451 | interferon, alpha 17 | Sixty-two point five percent (5/8) of ampullary carcinoma cases showed loss of heterozygosity at one or more of the loci, frequent site of loss being D9S942 (42.9%) and the next most frequent being IFNA (37.5%) and D9S171 (37.5%). | Human | HLA-G | 3135 | | We have examined HLA-G expression in a number of human gastrointestinal malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ampullary cancer, biliary cancer, and colorectal cancer by immunolabeling analysis. | Human | CEACAM8 | 1088 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 | The epitope recognized by MAb 250 (present on CEA and NCA 95) was expressed in all but one pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and ampullary carcinoma (42/43). | Human | BCL2L1 | 598 | BCL2-like 1 | METHOD: Expression of bcl-2, bax, bcl-x, bak and p53 was determined in formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded archival specimens of normal pancreatic tissue (n = 7), chronic pancreatitis (n = 7), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 23) and ampullary cancer (n = 7) by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies. | Human | APBA1 | 320 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family A, member 1 | RESULTS: Duodenal carcinomas were methylated more frequently or had increased methylation densities than biliary carcinomas at p14 (P = 0.04), hMLH1 (P = 0.04), MGMT (P = 0.01), MINT1 (P = 0.01), MINT25 (P = 0.01), MINT27 (P = 0.001), RAR beta (P = 0.03), and ER (P = 0.001), and than ampullary carcinomas at RAR beta (P = 0.02) and ER (P = 0.03). |
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